A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Disaster Management among People in Mehsana City Gujarat

 

Dr. Dayalal D. Patidar¹, Mr. Dipak Patidar²

¹Prinicipal, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist: Mehsana

 

ABSTRACT:

Background: ''Disaster reflects the ways societies structure themselves and allocate their resources.” Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property. The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area. It completely disrupts the normal day to day life, like food, shelter, health, etc.¹ Definition of disaster management as per dm act, 2005 ‘Disaster Management’ is defined as a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient to prevent danger or threat of any disaster, mitigation or reduce the risk or severity or consequences of any disaster, capacity-building and preparedness to deal with any disaster, prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster, assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster, evacuation, rescue and relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. Aims and Objective: To assess the knowledge Disaster Management among people in Mehsana city. To assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding Disaster management among people in Mehsana city. To find out the association between knowledge with their selected demographic variable among people in Mehsana city. Methods - A quantitative approach using pre-experimental one group pre-test-post-test design. 100 people were selected by using simple random sampling technique in Mehsana city. The video-assisted teaching programme was given to the people residing in Mehsana city. Self-structure knowledge questionnaire will prepare and used to assess the knowledge regarding Disaster Management. Results:  in this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the age group 48% (18-28), gender 58% (female), type of family 62% (Joint), education status 48%  (Graduate), Occupation 38% (Unemployed), Monthly income 39% (Less than 5000), previous knowledge regarding Disaster Management 76% (NO) First source of knowledge14% (Mass media).Post-test knowledge mean score (21.33 + 3.21) was higher than the pre-test knowledge mean score (10.62 + 3.02). The calculated “T” value (163.28) was greater than the table value (1.98) at 0.05 level of significance. The pre-test and post test mean % is 35.40% and 71.10% and different is 35.70%. So knowledge is increase after the intervention. This indicates that the video-assisted teaching programme is effective in increasing knowledge regarding Disaster Management. Chi-square test to associate the level of knowledge with a selected demographic variable.  CONCLUSION: The finding of the study revealed that video-assisted teaching programme is effective in increasing the knowledge regarding Disaster Management. RECOMMENDATIONS: A study can be carried out to evaluate the efficiency of various teaching strategies like a self-instructional module, pamphlets, leaflets, and computer-assisted instruction on Disaster Management.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Since the beginning of time, disaster has been & part of life. Disaster can violently disrupt our day to day lives and changes the history forever. As the population of the world continues to grow. So does the potential for mass casualty incident associated with disaster. The more densely populated area the greater the risk of damage to property and injury or loss. Emergencies and disaster do not affect only health and well being a frequently a large number of people are displaced killed or injured or subject to a greater risk of epidemics considerable economic harm is also common.³ Emergencies and disaster not only affect health and well being of people, frequently a large number of people are displaced, killed or injured or subjected to a greater risk of epidemics. Considerable economic harm is also common. Disaster causes great harm to the existing infrastructure and threatens the future of sustainable development. Disasters are not confined to a particular part of the world, they can occur anywhere and at any time. Major emergencies and disaster have occurred throughout history, as the world's population grows and resources become more limited, community are increasingly becoming vulnerable to the hazards that cause disaster.⁴Disaster management is the key programme of any nation to prepare and face any emergency situation of natural or manmade events. Thus disaster management includes disaster preparedness, planning, preventing or mitigating or responding to a disaster. Disaster preparedness and planning is an inter-sectoral exercise. It is the responsibility of the health care professionals to stimulate, coordinate the exercise. Health professionals can take a more proactive approach, their responsibility is not only post-disaster response but starts from planning for improved response and for prevention or mitigation of the disaster impact to allow for a healthier and happier life for all.⁵

 

NEED OF THE STUDY:

Disasters are on the rise, at global as well as in India. The loss of life and property due to disasters has increased substantially during the last two decades.  People are now at risk from disasters. There is an urgent need to adopt a multidimensional, multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral approach to reduce the losses.

 

According to statistics released by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 29 states together accounted for 1,36,771 deaths and the seven union territories for the remaining. Tamil Nadu tops the list of with 16,175 deaths in 67,757 accidents, followed by Uttar Pradesh with 15,109 deaths in 24,478 accidents. Andhra Pradesh is third with 14,966 deaths in 39,344 accidents and Maharashtra fourth with 13,936 deaths in 45,247 accidents. The capital city of Delhi accounts for 1,866 deaths in 6,937 accidents.⁶ Almost 85% of the country is vulnerable to single or multiple disasters. Of the 36 states and union territories in the country, 27 are disaster prone. The multi-hazard map of India depicts that 229 districts of India are prone to multiple hazards, Gujarat, for example, is prone to four types of hazards. Floods, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones, have taken a heavy toll of lives and have caused enormous damage to property.. This burden was not shared equally, as Asia seemed to be the most vulnerable continent for floods and storms, with 44%   of all disaster events, 58% of the total deaths, and 70% of the total people affected. Despite this, the Americas reported the highest economic losses, representing 88% of the total cost from 93 disasters. China, U.S., and India were the hardest hit countries in terms of occurrence with 25, 20, and 15 events respectively. Compared to the previous decade (2007-2016), there were fewer natural disasters, deaths, and total people affected in 2017, but with a higher price tag. Number of natural disasters in 2017 was similar to the annual average of 354 events and in previous decade (2007-2016) number of disaster is 354 events hence the average of 68,273 killed per year, and well below the 210 million annual average people affected.⁸

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding disaster management among people in Mehsana city Gujarat.”

 

OBJECTIVE:

1.   To assess the knowledge regarding disaster management among people in Mehsana city.

2.   To determine the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding disaster management among people in Mehsana city.

3.   To find out the association of the knowledge with their selected demographic variables on knowledge regarding disaster management among people in Mehsana city.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H₀:   There will be no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding disaster management among people in Mehsana city at 0.05 level of significance.

H₁:   There will be a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding disaster management among people in Mehsana city at 0.05 level of significance.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Quantitative Pre-experimental approach was used in the present study. 

 

RESEARCH DESIGN:

One group Pretest-Posttest research design was adopted.

 

RESEARCH SETTING:

The study was conducted in Mehsana City.

 

TARGET POPULATION:

The population of the study were people residing in Mehsana City, Gujarat.

 

SAMPLE SIZE:

Total samples selected comprising of 100 people of Mehsana City. (N= 100).

 

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Simple random sampling technique was used to select the samples.

 

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLE:

Inclusion Criteria:

·       People in the age group of 18 to 58 years.

·       Those who are available at the time of data collection.

·       Those who are willing to participate in the study.

·       Those who can read and write in Gujarati.

 

Exclusion criteria:

·         Those who are not cooperative during the time of data collection.

·         Those who are exposed to any education programme related to disaster management and also a part of the disaster management relief team.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL:

Section A: This section is the first section seeking information on the demographic background of people i.e. age, gender, type of family, education, occupation, monthly income, previous knowledge and first source of information regarding disaster management. It consists of a total of 8 questions.

 

Section B: This section is the second part of Self-structured questionnaire which deals with the objective type of items from 1-30 to assess the knowledge of the people regarding disaster management

 

The inference was drawn as below:

Good      : 21-30

Average : 11-20

Poor        : 0-10

 

Content Validity:

The prepared tool along with the objective of the study, self-structured knowledge questionnaire to assess knowledge and blueprint were submitted to experts for content validity. Twenty four experts from the field of Nursing. The experts were requested to give their opinion regarding adequacy, relevance and appropriateness of the video regarding Disaster Management.

 

 

Reliability:

The reliability of the tool is computed by using the Split half technique method. The reliability was established by using split-half method and it was found to be r= 0.86 indicate that the tool was statistically significant and thus the tool was reliable.

 

RESULTS:

Demographic data were analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, median, mean percentage and the standard deviation were used to determine the knowledge score. The ‘t’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the pretest knowledge of people with selected demographic variables.

 

FINDING RELATED TO DEMOGRAPHIC DATA:

Highest percentage in the demographic data including the age group 48% (18-28), gender 58% (female), type of family 62% (Joint), education status 48% (Graduate), Occupation 38% (Unemployed), Monthly income 39% (Less than 5000), previous knowledge regarding Disaster Management 76% (NO) First source of knowledge14% (Mass media).

 

FINDING RELATED TO PRE AND POST KNOWLEDGE SCORE:

Table 1. showed that out of 100 pre-test samples poor knowledge is 54 %, average 46%. And Good 0%. Post-test poor knowledge is 0%, average 40% and a good 60%.

 

Table 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of pre-test and post-test knowledge

Level of Knowledge	Pre Test		Post Test
	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Poor	54	54%	00	00%
Adequate	46	46%	40	40%
Good	00	00%	60	60%

 

 

 

Figure1. Bar diagram representing percentage wise distribution of the sample according to pre-test and post-test level of knowledge.

 

FINDING RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME:

The pre-test knowledge means the score is 10.62 and the standard deviation is 3.02. Post-test knowledge score is 21.33 and a standard deviation of 3.21. The ‘T’ test calculated value is 163.28 and table ‘T’ test table value is 1.98 which is significant at 0.05 levels. Thus it rejects the null hypothesis and accepts the research hypothesis. The pre-test and post-test mean % is 35.40% and 71.10% and different is 35.70%. so knowledge is increase after the intervention. This indicates that the video-assisted teaching programme is effective in increasing knowledge regarding Disaster Management.

 

 

Figure 2. Bar diagram showing the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge percentage.

 

 

Table 2. Mean, mean difference, standard deviation, and “t” test value ofpre-test and post test knowledge score

Knowledge Scale	Mean	Mean Different	SD	" t "test	Value	DF
				Calculated “t” Value	Table “t” Value
Pre Test	10.62	10.71	3.02	163.28	1.98	99
Post Test	21.33		3.21

 

 

 

Table no.3. Comparison of the mean percentage of pre-test and post-test knowledge score.

Type of test	Knowledge regarding Disaster Management
	Mean	Mean percentage
Pre-test	10.62	35.40%
Post-test	21.33	71.10%
Mean percentage difference	10.71	35.70%
N=100

 

Finding related to the association between pretest knowledge score with selected demographic variables:

The association between the Pre-test level of Knowledge and socio-demographic Variable. Based on the third objectives used to chi-square test to associate the level of knowledge on Disaster Management and selected demographic variable The chi-square value show that their significance between Education status and previous knowledge regarding disaster management.

 

CONCLUSION:

The conclusions drawn from the finding of the study are as follows:

The ’t’ test is done to find the effect of video-assisted teaching programme. It revealed that there is a highly significant gain of knowledge after the administration of intervention. The ’t’ value is 163.28 and research hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected. The pre-test and post test mean % is 35.40% and 71.10% and different is 35.70%. so knowledge is increase after the intervention. This indicates that the video-assisted teaching programme is effective in increasing knowledge regarding Disaster Management.

 

REFERENCES:

1)     K Park.Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 20^th edition. M/S Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers; 2009. P. 600-605

2)     [Internet] Ndma.gov.in. Available from: https://ndma.gov.in/images/policyplan/dmplan/National Disaster Management Plan May 2016.pdf

3)     Adelman D, Legg T. Disaster nursing. 1st ed. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2009.p 327-348

4)     World Health Organization. Risk reduction and emergency preparedness: WHO six-year strategy for the health sector and community capacity development. ISBN 92 4 154519 4

5)     Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Disaster risk management (2003-07).  United Nations Development Programme.

6)     Ruikar.M. National Crime Records Bureau. April 15; 2(5): 35-37. Available from: http://www.oes.ca.gov.

7)     GOI (2004) Disaster Management in India: A Status Report, Natural disaster Management Division, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi.

8)     Wallemacq, Pascaline & Below, Regina. (2018). Natural disasters in 2017 - Lower Mortality, higher cost. 10.13140/RG.2.2.27820.92808.

 

 

 

Received on 04.06.2019         Modified on 24.06.2019

Accepted on 16.07.2019       ©A&V Publications All right reserved